Cultivation Practices Of Black Gram For Higher Yield

Financial Calculations:

• Total Crop Cost: ₹19,500 per acre
• Total Income: ₹50,000 per acre
• Net Profit: ₹30,500 per acre

Black Gram Crop Calendar

Activity	Details
Soil Preparation	Do soil testing and initial irrigation before sowing.
Sowing Time	Sowing should be done from the third week of June to July.
Crop Management	Use fertilizers and pesticides.
Harvesting	Harvest the crop when it is ready.

 

Note: Choose the sowing month according to your state's climate and harvest based on crop maturity.

Varieties

1. Pant Urd 31: Early maturing variety, resistant to yellow mosaic virus, yield - 5-6 quintals per acre.
2. T-9: Resistant to drought and root rot, yield - 6-7 quintals per acre.
3. Pant Urd 35: Medium maturing variety, resistant to yellow mosaic virus, yield - 5-6 quintals per acre.
4. KU-1: Good grain quality, resistant to powdery mildew, yield - 6-7 quintals per acre.
5. Pant Urd 19: Medium maturing variety, yield - 5-6 quintals per acre.

Cultivation Practices

 

Activity	Description
Soil	Loamy soil with a pH of 6.0-7.5 is suitable for black gram. Plough the field 2-3 times and apply well-decomposed farm yard manure in the field.
Climate	For the sowing of black gram, dry and warm weather is suitable.  Temperature: 20-35°C   Annual rainfall: 500-700 mm
Sowing Time	From the end of June to the beginning of July.
Seed Rate	Kharif: 5-6 kg per acre  Zaid: 7-8 kg per acre
Seed Treatment	Biological Treatment: Treat 1 kg seed with 5 grams of Trichoderma viride or 10 grams of Pseudomonas fluorescens.  Chemical Treatment: Treat 1 kg  seed with 2 gm Thiram 75 WP or 2.5 gm Carbendazim 50 WP. In termite-affected areas, treat 1 kg of seed with 4-5 ml of Chlorpyrifos 20 EC.  Dry the seeds in the shade after treatment.
Fertilizer Management	Use fertilizers based on soil test report.  Urea - 17 kg per acre  Single Super Phosphate: 125 kg per acre   Muriate of Potash: 20 kg per acre
Sowing	Spacing Kharif - 45 x 5-10 cm   Zaid - 30 x 5-10 cm  Sow seeds at a depth of 5 cm.
Water Management	Irrigate the crop 3-4 times based on soil moisture and local weather conditions.
Weed Management	Within 0-3 days of sowing,use weedicide Mix 800 ml Metolachlor 50 EC or 15 gm Chlorimuron 25 WP or 1-1.5 liters Pendimethalin 30 EC in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area.  If weeds are excessive, mix 400 ml Imazethapyr 10 SL or 150-180 ml Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 10 EC in 250-300 liters of water and spray it in one acre area after 15-20 days of sowing.
Harvesting	Do Harvesting of the crop when 70-80% of the pods get mature and turn black in colour. Do Timely harvesting of the crop to avoid shattering of the seeds. Do drying after the harvesting of the crop.
Yield	Yield varies based on variety, soil quality, and rainfall. The average black gram yield is 5-7 quintals per acre.

Disease Management

1. Powdery Mildew

• Symptoms: White powder appears on the leaves,drying of the leaves.
• Control: Mix 200 ml Tebuconazole 5 SC or 400-600 gm Mancozeb 75 WP in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area.

2. Cercospora Leaf Spot

• Symptoms: Circular brown spots with red-purple edges on the leaves, premature drying of the leaves.
• Control: Mix 500 gm Carbendazim 12 + Mancozeb 63 WP with sand and broadcast in per acre area, followed by irrigation.

3. Leaf Curl

• Symptoms: Curling of the leaves,yellowing and drying of the leaves.
• Control: Mix 80 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL or 40-60 gm Acetamiprid 20 SP in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area. 

Pest Management

1. Whitefly

• Symptoms: Yellowing and curling of the leaves,presence of honeydew on the leaves.
• Control: Mix 80 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL or 40-60 gm Acetamiprid 20 SP in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area.

2. Thrips

• Symptoms: Deformed leaves, premature falling of the leaves.
• Control: Mix 80 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL or 40-60 gm Acetamiprid 20 SP in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area. 

3. Pod Borer

• Symptoms: Holes on the pods and flowers.
• Control: Mix 60 ml Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC or 60 ml Spinosad 45 SC in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area.

4. Pod Bug

• Symptoms: Yellow spots appear on the pods,less pod formation in the affected plants.
• Control: Mix 80 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL or 40-60 gm Acetamiprid 20 SP in 200 liters of water and spray it in one acre area.