Groundnut Cultivation: Soil Management To Harvesting

Financial Calculations

• Total Crop Cost: ₹19,500
• Total Income: ₹50,000
• Total Profit: ₹30,500

Groundnut Crop Calendar

Month	Activity	Details
June - July	Land Preparation and Sowing	Do soil testing before sowing. Sow the crop between June and July.
July-August	Crop Management	Apply fertilizers and pesticides.
September-October	Harvesting	Harvest the crop when it is ripe.

Varieties

1. J87: Early maturing variety, yield: 8-10 quintals per acre, wilt resistant.
2. TG37A: Medium-duration variety, yield: 9-11 quintals per acre.
3. SG99: High-yield variety, yield: 9-11 quintals per acre, wilt resistant.
4. M522: Medium-duration variety, yield: 9.5-11 quintals per acre.

Crop Management

Step	Description
Soil	Loamy soil with a pH of 6.0-7.5 is suitable for sowing.
Climate	Dry and warm climate Temperature - 20-35°C Annual Rainfall - 50-100 cm
Sowing Time	From late June to early July.
Seed Rate	35-50 kg per acre
Seed Treatment	Mix 2 grams Thiram 75 WP or 2 grams Captan 75 WP in one liter of water and treat per kg seed from it.
Fertilizer Management	Use fertilizers based on soil test report Urea - 17 kg per acre Single Super Phosphate - 100 kg per acre  Muriate of Potash - 40 kg per acre
Sowing	For sowing keep 30 cm distance between rows and 15-20 cm between plants.  Sow seeds at a depth of 5 cm.
Weed Management	For pre-emergence weed control mix 1 liter Pendimethalin 30 EC in 200 liters of water and spray it in one per acre. If the weed population is very high, do post emergence weed management. Mix 400 ml Imazethapyr 10 SL in 250-300 liters of water and spray it in one acre between 20-25 days after sowing.
Water Management	Irrigate the field 3-4 times based on soil moisture and local weather conditions. Avoid waterlogging.
Harvesting	Harvest the crop when old leaves dry, and the kernels turn pink.
Yield	Yield varies based on variety, soil quality, and rainfall. Average yield is 9-10 quintals per acre.

Pest Control

1. Aphids
• Symptoms:Yellowing and curling of the leaves, presence of black sooty mould on the plant.
• Control:
• 80 gm Flonicamid 50 WG / 200 liters of water per acre
• 40-60 gm Acetamiprid 20 SP / 200 liters of water per acre
2. Thrips
• Symptoms: Curling and discolouration of the leaves.
• Control:
• 170 ml Spinetoram 11.7 SC / 200 liters of water per acre
• 240 gm Diafenthiuron 50 WP / 200 liters of water per acre
3. Pod Borer
• Symptoms: Holes on the leaves, flowers, and pods. Premature dropping of the flowers and leaves.
• Control:
• 60 ml Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC / 200 liters of water per acre
• 20 ml Flubendiamide 39.35 SC / 200 liters of water per acre
4. Bud Necrosis
• Symptoms: Drying of the buds , leaves become small, less flower formation.
• Control:
• 170 ml Spinetoram 11.7 SC / 200 liters of water per acre
• 80 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL / 200 liters of water per acre
• 240 gm Diafenthiuron 50 WP / 200 liters of water per acre

Disease Control

1. Rust
• Symptoms: Red pin-like spots on the leaves. Drying of the leaves.
• Control:
• 400-600 gm Mancozeb 75 WP / 200 liters of water per acre
• 350-450 gm Chlorothalonil 75 WP / 200 liters of water per acre
2. Alternaria Leaf Spot
• Symptoms: Small chlorotic spots on leaf surface, in severe infestation spots can be seen on the whole plant.
• Control:
• 400-600 gm Mancozeb 75 WP / 200 liters of water per acre
• 500-700 gm Copper Oxychloride 50 WP / 200 liters of water per acre
3. Stem Rot
• Symptoms: Spots on stems and leaves, rotting of the stem.
• Control:
• 80 gm Trifloxystrobin 50 + Tebuconazole 25 WG / 200 liters of water per acre
4. Charcoal Rot
• Symptoms: Plants turn into grey colour, roots turn black, black powder can be seen on the plant.
• Control:
• Mix 2 gm Thiram 75 WP or 2 gm Captan 75 WP in one liter water and treat per kg of seeds before sowing.